Harald I Fairhair (Old Norse: Haraldr inn hárfagri; Norwegian: Harald hårfagre; putatively c. 850 – c. 932) is portrayed by medieval Norwegian historians as the first King of Norway. [29][30] Sverrir Jakobsson has suggested that the idea of Iceland being settled by people fleeing an overbearing Norwegian monarch actually reflects the anxieties of Iceland in the early thirteenth century, when the island was indeed coming under Norwegian dominance. The Royal Family of Norway is a branch of the princely family of House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, originally from Schleswig-Holstein in Germany. Originally a Danish prince, he was born in Copenhagen as the son of the future Frederick VIII of Denmark and Louise of Sweden. Although Harald Fairhair appears in diverse Icelandic sagas, few if any of these are independent sources. True to their Viking lifestyle, their transition from seafaring warriors to traders was not smooth. In the late 14th century Norway and Denmark entered into a union. His first conquest came with the suppression of a revolt in the Uplands region. In the Saga of Harald Fairhair in Heimskringla, which is the most elaborate although not the oldest or most reliable source to the life of Harald, it is written that Harald succeeded, on the death of his father Halfdan the Black Gudrödarson, to the sovereignty of several small, and somewhat scattered kingdoms in Vestfold, which had come into his father's hands through conquest and inheritance. Harald Fairhair, in an illustration from the 14th century Flateyjarbók. Viking warrior (trionis / Adobe Stock) Ivar the … 840-933), the first king of Norway, reigned from 860 to 930. Since 1991 the king has been Harald V, the 66th since Unification, but the first king in many hundred years to actually have been born in Norway.Following the introduction of a parliamentary system of government in 1884, the duties of the Monarch have become largely representative and ceremonial. Source: Fotokvadrat/ Adobe Stock. After the 1905 dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway, Prince Carl was offered the Norwegian crown. You are in the right place and time to meet your ambition. The dynasty which began with Harald was ruled by Norway until 1319 (as well as Denmark in 1042-1047). The present monarch is King Harald V, who has reigned since 17 January 1991, succeeding his father, Olav V. The heir apparent is his only son, Crown Prin Harald Fairhair reigned from c. 872 to 930 and is today recognized as the first King of Norway. Ivar the Boneless: Viking Warrior, Ruler, and Raider. Harald was the son of Halfdan the Black (Jason Pääkkönen), who had ruled parts of southeastern Norway. Olaf Trygvasson was the King of Norway from 995 to 1000, converting many of the people within his territory to Christianity under threat of violence. [12][13][14][15][16][17] The key arguments for this are as follows: Thus the Icelandic saga-tradition of Harald Fair-Hair can be seen as part of an origin myth created to explain the settlement of Iceland, perhaps in which a cognomen of Haraldr Sigurðarson was transferred to a fictitious early king of all Norway. Most of Harald's biography remains uncertain, since the extant accounts of his life in the sagas were set down in writing around three centuries after his lifetime. Offa dominated a large part of southern England in the late eight century, but his descendants did not manage to keep the area as a kingdom. Following the plebiscite, he was unanimously elected king by the Norwegian Parliament, the first king of a fully independent Norway in 508 years (1397: Kalmar Union); he took the name Haakon VII. Updates? According to the sagas, Olaf was a son of the King of Viken, forced to feel to the east after his father’s death. 105–09. He is said to have been the father of Viking leaders Halfdan, Ivar the Boneless, and Hubba, who are believed to have led an invasion of East Anglia in 865. Harald is supposed to have confiscated massive amounts of private property and made many previously free farmers his thralls. Is Head of State 2. The full list of sons (and partial list of daughters) according to Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla: Children with Åsa, daughter of Håkon Grjotgardssson, Jarl av Lade: Children with Svanhild, daughter of Øystein Jarl: Children with Åshild, daughter of Ring Dagsson: Children with Snøfrid, daughter of Svåse the Finn: Harald Fairhair became an important figure in Norwegian nationalism in the nineteenth century, during its struggle for independence from Sweden, when he served as 'a heroic narrative character disseminating a foundation story of Norway becoming an independent nation'. Um þjóðsögur og heimildargildi í íslenskum miðaldaritum', in. Both Egbert, king of Wessex and Offa, king of Mercia are sometimes called the first kings of England. Harald Fairhair, regarded as the first Norwegian king, united the petty kingships of Norway into a single realm in about 885. The thirteenth-century Egil's Saga presents a broadly similar account to that of Heimskringla, through it's depiction of Harald and his family is much more negative. According to medieval Icelandic historians, he was succeeded by his two sons Eric Bloodaxe and Haakon the Good. Little is known about King Harald Fairhair. He took the Old Norse name Haakon and ascended to the Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Harald is thus depicted as the prime cause of the Norse settlement of Iceland and beyond. The hunting-fishing population of the west coast was also gradually replaced by farmers, though hunting and fishing remained useful secondary means of livelihood. The main initiators behind these commemorative projects in the Haugesund region today are, as it was in the 1870s, local commercial entrepreneurs who are nourished by local patriotism. His protector-regent was his mother's brother Guthorm. Queen Sonja, born Sonja Haraldsen on 4 July 1937. The remaining independent rulers of Norway were then crushed by Harald's allies or opportunists that attacked their neighbors and then submitted to Harald like Hrollaug had done. His life is described in several of the Kings' sagas, but they were written around three centuries after his lifetime. Corrections? Iceland was settled by "malcontents" from Norway, who resented Harald's claim of rights of taxation over lands, which the possessors appear to have previously held in absolute ownership. The national monument of Haraldshaugen was raised in 1872, to commemorate the Battle of Hafrsfjord which is traditionally dated to 872. Anyone suspected of wanting to rise in rebellion were given the option of fleeing the country, submitting himself as a tenant or having hands and feet cut off. Prince Carl was educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy and served in the Royal Danish Navy. Crusader Kings III: An Heir Is Born CK3 Harald Fairhair 1st King of Norway Welcome everyone. Indeed, although it is possible to write a detailed account of Harald as a character in medieval Icelandic sagas (as this entry does), it is even possible to argue that there was no such historical figure at all. Harald Harfager was commonly stated to have been buried under a mound at Haugar by the Strait of Karmsund near the church in Haugesund, an area that later would be named the town and municipal Haugesund. On the death of his father, Harald I Fairhair, first king of united Norway, Erik attempted to make himself sole king of Norway, defeating and slaying… [34][35], While the various sagas name anywhere from 11 to 20 sons of Harald in various contexts, the contemporary skaldic poem Hákonarmál says that Harald's son Håkon would meet only "eight brothers" when arriving in Valhalla, a place for slain warriors, kings, and Germanic heroes. Instead it was marked by wars and assassinations. The Danish king Harald Bluetooth had himself hailed as king of Norway after the Battle of Fitjar (c. 961). The unification of Norway is something of a love story. Harald is said to have first conquered the Uplands and then taken Trondheim and become overlord over the thronds. The Norwegian monarch is the head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The Early Kings of Norway, the Issue of Agnatic Succession, and the Settlement of Iceland, Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál), Heimskringla, The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway, "Ålov Årbot (Haraldsdotter) (Ólöf árbót)", Branding local heritage and popularising a remote past, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harald_Fairhair&oldid=1007757922, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Norwegian-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, There is no contemporary support for the claims of later sagas about Harald Fairhair. Crusader Kings III: An Heir Is BornCK3 Harald Fairhair 1st King of NorwayWelcome everyone. Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow: Hair Loss, the Tonsure, and Masculinity in Medieval Iceland, A Foundation Myth of Iceland: Reflections on the tradition of Haraldr hárfagri, King Æthelstan in the English, Continental and Scandinavian Traditions of the Tenth to the Thirteenth Centuries. B… Striving for the right answers? A pact with Haakon, earl of Lade, enabled him to pursue conquest of the western districts, culminating in the battle of Hafrsfjord, dated 872 by medieval historians but placed 10 to 20 years later by modern historians. Harald Bluetooth is usually not given a number in the Norwegian list of kings, therefore Harald is 'only' numbered as Harald V. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. His realm was, however, threatened by dangers from without, as large numbers of his opponents had taken refuge, not only in Iceland, then recently discovered; but also in the Orkney Islands, Shetland Islands, Hebrides Islands, Faroe Islands and the northern European mainland. E.g. Hrollaug renounced his kingship and took the title of jarl instead. Harald I, byname Harald Fairhair, or Finehair, Norwegian Harald Hårfager, Old Norse Harald Hárfagri, (born c. 860—died c. 940), the first king to claim sovereignty over all Norway. Harald Fairhair is known as the first King of Norway, who ruled between 872 and 930. One of the greatest of the 9th-century Scandinavian warrior chiefs, he gained effective control of Norway’s western coastal districts but probably had only nominal authority in the other parts of Norway. Norway - Norway - Earliest peoples: Between 3000 and 2500 bce new immigrants settled in eastern Norway. The older Swedish king, on the other hand, had to stay in the old feasting hall. Sictric Caech And The Battle Of Islandbridge. The historicity of the nickname and the anecdote around it is considered suspect by some scholars. Harald I, byname Harald Fairhair, or Finehair, Norwegian Harald Hårfager, Old Norse Harald Hárfagri, (born c. 860—died c. 940), the first king to claim sovereignty over all Norway. Twelve of his sons are named as kings, two of them over the whole country. It repeats Snorri's story of Harald's vow not to cut his hair until he had become king of all of Norway, but no mention is made of Gyda. The first king of Norway recorded in near-contemporary sources is. The Norwegian monarchy can trace its line back to the reign of Harald Fairhair and the previous petty kingdoms which were united to form Norway; it has been in unions with both Sweden and Denmark for long periods. Harald died three years later due to age in approximately 933. He was the first heir to the Norwegian throne to be brought up in Norway since Olav IV in the fourteenth century, and his parents made sure he was given as Norwegian an upbringing as possible. In 1905, the country welcomed the prince from neighbouring Denmark, his wife Maud of Wales and their young son to re-establish Norway's royal house. According to the saga sources, the latter part of Harald's reign was disturbed by the strife of his many sons. Omissions? Ragnar Lothbrok, 9th-century Viking whose historical existence is difficult to distinguish from legend in medieval European literature. The current King belongs to the House of … He acquired wealth through his control of coastal trade but ruled indirectly through lesser chieftains in areas other than his own tightly controlled home district, in the southwest. The area near Karmsund was the traditional burial site for several early Norwegian rulers. Olav was the only child of King Haakon VII of Norway and Maud of Wales.He became heir apparent to the Norwegian throne when his father was elected King of Norway in 1905. Björn Ironside is said to have been the first ruler of the Swedish Munsö dynasty. At last, Harald was forced to make an expedition to the West, to clear the islands and the Scottish mainland of some Vikings who tried to hide there.[b][33]. However, Peter Sawyer began to cast doubt on this in 1976, and the decades around 2000 saw a wave of revisionist research that suggested that Harald Fairhair did not exist, or at least not in a way resembling his appearance in sagas. Harald was therefore induced to take a vow not to cut nor comb his hair until he was sole king of Norway, and when he was justified in trimming it ten years later, he exchanged the epithet "Shockhead" or "Tanglehair" (Haraldr lúfa) for the one by which he is usually known. Rollo: First ruler of Normandy. For the royal house, see, Harald Fairhair, in an illustration from the fourteenth-century. According to the saga author, most who were given this option chose to flee. Besides gaining direct control of Viken in south-eastern Norway, he let Harald Greycloak rule the rest of Norway as king, nominally under himself. They were farmers who grew grain and kept cows and sheep. [41], "Fairhair" redirects here. "Harald Fairhair and the British Isles", in "Les Vikings et leurs civilisation", ed. Harold Haarfarer ("Fairhair") was a catalyst in his day and place. Björn "Ironside" Ragnarsson was a legendary Swedish king who presumably reigned during the 9th century. But the importance of the shadowy and almost mythical figure of Harald Fairhair is important to remember. The key arguments for this are as follows: Harald accepted Hrollaug's surrender and allowed him to rule Namdalen in his name. [39] In particular, a national monument to Harald was erected in 1872 on Haraldshaugen, a prehistoric burial mound at the town of Haugesund then imagined to be Harald Finehair's burial place, despite opposition from left-wing politicians. He has also suggested that the legend of Harald Fairhair developed in the twelfth century to enable Norwegian kings, who were then promoting the idea of primogeniture over the older custom of agnatic succession, to claim that their ancestors had had a right to Norway by lineal descent from the country's supposed first king.[31]. According to traditions in Norway and Iceland in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Harald reigned from c. 872 to 930. It begins with a marriage proposal that resulted in rejection and scorn from Gyda, the daughter of Eirik, king of Hordaland. So Crusader Kings 3 is finally out and I am able to share with you my first campaign in this glorious new game! Egbert, king of Wessex, managed to conquer Mercia in 829, but he, too, lost control over this territory. The Vikings have a long history in Ireland—the city of … The son of Halvdan the Black, ruler of part of southeastern Norway and a scion of the Yngling dynasty, the ancient royal house of Sweden, Harald succeeded his father at the age of 10. [2] Although it is convenient and conventional to render hárfagri in English as 'fair-hair(ed)',[3][4] in English 'fair-haired' means 'blond', whereas the Old Norse fairly clearly means 'beautiful-haired' (in contrast to the epithet which, according to some sources, Haraldr previously bore: lúfa, '(thick) matted hair'). P. H. Sawyer, "Harald Fairhair and the British Isles", in "Les Vikings et leurs civilisation", ed. HM The Queen. He lived in the 9th century, being securely dated between 855 and 858. Only the following five names of sons can be confirmed from skaldic poems (with saga claims in parentheses), while the full number of sons remains unknown:[36]. Many Norwegian chieftains who were wealthy and respected posed a threat to Harald; therefore, they were subjected to much harassment from Harald, prompting them to vacate the land. When Herlaug heard Harald was coming he committed suicide by closing himself into a mound with 12 men. When he grew old, Harald handed over the supreme power to his favourite son Eirik Bloodaxe, whom he intended to be his successor. The domains of Philip of York, first by his name, King of England, King of France, King of Naples, Protector of Ireland, Protector of Scotland, Liberator of León, Liberator of Asturias, Liberator of Norway, Defender of the Catholic faith and Mother of Dragons, as they are in the year of God 1494 In 872, after a great victory at Hafrsfjord near Stavanger, Harald found himself king over the whole country, ruling from his Kongsgård seats at Avaldsnes and Alrekstad. So Crusader Kings 3 is finally out and I am able to share with you my first campaign in this glorious new game! One of the greatest of the 9th-century Scandinavian warrior chiefs, he gained effective control of Norway’s western coastal districts but probably had only nominal authority in the other parts of Norway. She said she refused to marry Harald "before he was king over all of Norway". This accounts differs from Heimskringla where it's said that Harald made a marriage alliance with Håkon Grjotgardsson which won him Trøndelag and achieved Naval supremacy through Håkon's fleet. Et møte med en gjenganger', Sverrir Jakobsson, 'Yfirstéttarmenning eða þjóðmenning? Son of King Olav V and Crown Princess Märtha, Succeeded his father as king of Norway on 17 January 1991. The first king of the whole of Norway, he organized it… King ★★★ 1978, king the male ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth. The saga tells how people of Norway were then put under heavy taxes and oppression by Harald. The five other kings who have borne the name are Harald Fairhair, Harald Greycloak, Harald Bluetooth, Harald Hardrada, and Harald Gille. Erik I, king of Norway (c. 930–935) and later king of Northumberland (948, 952–954). Harold I (ca. Harald is the sixth King of Norway to bear that name, and the first in 855 years. From the time of Harald Fairhair until the present day, Norway has had more than 60 named sovereigns. Harald Fairhair is known as the first King of Norway, who ruled between 872 and 930. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Eirik I ruled side-by-side with his father when Harald was 80 years old. The first king of Norway, Harald the Beautiful Haired, ruled the country in 872-930. Var Haraldur hárfagri bara uppspuni Snorra Sturlusonar? Claus Krag, 'Norge som odel i Harald Hårfagres ætt. According to Peter H. Sawyer, this expedition probably never took place, cf. The Mystery of the Last Viking King of York", Edith Marold with the assistance of Vivian Busch, Jana Krüger, Ann-Dörte Kyas and Katharina Seidel, translated from German by John Foulks 2012, ‘, Gísli Sigurðsson, 'Constructing a Past to Suit the Present: Sturla Þórðarson on Conflicts and Alliances with King Haraldr hárfagri', in. The number of sons he left varies in the different saga accounts, from 11 to 20. Through the nineteenth and most of the twentieth centuries, historians broadly accepted the account of Harald Fairhair given by later Icelandic sagas. Viking king of Norway (995-c. 1000), much celebrated in Scandinavian literature, who made the first effective effort to Christianize Norway. [40], In 2013, commercially led archaeological excavations at Avaldsnes began with the explicit intention of developing the local heritage industry in relation to the Harald Fairhair brand, provoking a prominent debate in Norway over the appropriate handling of archaeological heritage. His career is also described in 12th- and 13th-century Icelandic and Norwegian historical works of questionable reliability, the fullest account being written by the Icelander Snorri Sturluson (d. 1241) in the Heimskringla. There are several accounts of large feasting mead halls constructed for important feasts when Scandinavian royalty was invited. The most reliable information on Harald’s life is contained in contemporary poems written down in Iceland in the 13th century. In fact, this topic is meant to untwist the answers of CodyCross First king of Norway after dissolution of the union.Accordingly, we provide you with all hints and cheats and needed answers to accomplish the required crossword and find a final word of the puzzle group. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Harald Bluetooth later switched his support to Harald Greycloak's rival, Haakon Sigurdsson, Earl of Lade, who eventually captured Harald Greycloak's kingdom. [a][32], In 866, Harald made the first of a series of conquests over the many petty kingdoms which would compose all of Norway, including Värmland in Sweden, which had sworn allegiance to the Swedish saga-king Erik Eymundsson (whose historicity is not confirmed). In chess, the king is the most important pie… Christian Iv, Christian IV (1577-1648) was Denmark's most renowned king. Harald’s conquests and taxation system led many chiefs and their followers to emigrate to the British Isles, adjacent lands, and perhaps to Iceland, which first became known to Scandinavians during the era of Harald’s rule. According to the 12th- and 13th-century Scandinavian histories, he was the son of the notorious and historically dubious Viking king Ragnar Lothbrok.

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